Formative vs Summative evaluation

There have been many discussions on the difference between formative and summative evaluation. What formative and what summative evaluation are?

Formative assessment:
Formative evaluation, which is mainly done internally, can be carried out at many points during an instructional design period. This would include several evaluation types
1. Needs Analysis- who needs the program, how important is the program, and what might work in the program to meet the need.
2. Evaluation of the assessment component
3. Structure of the program
4. Implementation evaluation
5. Process evaluation


Summative evaluation
Summative evaluation which is mainly done at the end of the program can also be divided into several components

1. Outcome evaluation-did it meet the need?
2. Impact evaluation- assess the overall effect of the program
3. Cost effectiveness and cost benefit